专用粉末涂料和涂装发展的新展望

新型专用粉末涂料以其涂膜超薄型化、低温固化和高耐候性等优势,并以预裁割坯料新工艺代替预涂装卷材工艺的新特点,将成为粉末涂料新的增长点。还提出了若干建议和意见。     

A Thermo-Mechanical Study of Some Epoxy Adhesives Subjected to Combined Dynamic and Static Stresses

The object of the present study was to investigate the effect of superimposed dynamic and static stresses on mechanical and thermal properties of some epoxy adhesives. It was found that combinations of shear creep and torsional oscillations, applied simultaneously to adhesive joints at temperatures within the glassy range of the adhesive, led to strengthening of the joints in shear and to an increase in the glass transition temperature of the adhesive. Similar loading stresses applied at temperatures close to the T_g of the adhesive, led to opposite effects on the above mentioned properties of the joints. The width of the glassy-rubbery transition of the adhesives increased, in the whole range of temperatures used in this study and for all epoxy compositions, as a result of subjecting the joints to superimposed dynamic and static stresses. The broadening of the glass transition was interpreted as a result of the stiffening of polymer network during the combined stressing experiments. A linear relationship was found between the area of endothermal peaks in the first DSC scan of specimens subjected prior to test to superimposed dynamic and static stresses at temperatures below T_g, and the shear strength of the joints. In agreement with this observation and with literature data, a linear relationship was revealed also between the glass transition temperature of the resins (measured in the first DSC scan) and the shear strength of the joints. Based on experimental observations and on some literature information, it was suggested that the strengthening of the joint, as well as the changes in thermal properties of the adhesives, are mainly due to physical processes, such as short-range orientation of network chains and an increase in intermolecular interaction between highly polar sites of the network. The possibility that superimposed stressing led to changes in chemical crosslinking was discussed but it seems that no such reactions occurred.     

基于去极化电流特征参数分析法的油纸绝缘老化评估

以扩展德拜极化电路模型为基础,研究不同老化程度下去极化电流特征参数(弛豫贡献系数、时间常数、极化电阻、极化电容)的变化规律。提出一种可用于评估油纸绝缘老化状态的参数--弛豫能量,该参数可以充分地反映油纸绝缘系统各弛豫机构电能积累和释放的过程。现场实测数据分析结果表明:随着设备绝缘老化程度的加剧,弛豫贡献系数增加、时间常数减小、极化电阻减小、极化电容增大及弛豫能量增加;小时间常数支路和大时间常数支路的弛豫能量分别反映绝缘油和绝缘纸的老化状态。     

橡胶沥青水老化试验研究

沥青路面的长期使用过程中,水是影响沥青老化的主要因素之一。为研究水老化作用方式及水量对橡胶沥青老化性能的影响,本文以橡胶沥青和TOR橡胶沥青两种材料为例,通过改变水作用阶段和用水量试验研究不同水老化方式对橡胶沥青老化后软化点、粘度、疲劳因子、蠕变劲度、蠕变速率的影响。试验结果表明：选择在压力老化前三分之一时间（400min）进行加水压力老化试验,后三分之二时间进行无水压力老化试验的水老化作用方式最具可行性;对比无水压力老化试验和加水压力老化试验可知,水的存在促进了橡胶沥青的热氧老化;随水量的增加,TOR橡胶沥青的高温稳定性能降低,抗疲劳开裂能力和低温性能降低,沥青老化加剧。     

合金元素对Cu-Te-Cr合金时效组织与性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子能谱(EDS)分析Cu-Te-Cr合金时效析出相的形貌与组成,研究合金元素对Cu-Te-Cr合金时效组织与性能的影响。结果表明,时效过程中Te、Cr以多元化合物或细小的单质Cr析出,合金的硬度明显升高,随时效温度的升高,Cr粒子长大,共格度降低;同时基体晶粒内,部分析出相重溶,使合金硬度下降;由于Cr和Te两种元素互不相溶,其交互作用生成CrxTey化合物,随着Te含量的增加,铸造过程中生成这种化合物越多,减少Cr元素在铜基体的固溶度,从而合金硬度下降,而导电率有所提高。     

Atomic layer deposition of GDC cathodic functional thin films for oxide ion incorporation enhancement

In this paper, we report successful fabrication of a gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) thin film using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for improving the performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). By varying the deposition conditions and adjusting the configuration of the ALD supercycle, the doping ratio of ALD GDC was controlled. The morphology, crystallinity, and chemical composition of ALD GDC thin films were analyzed. ALD GDC showed different surface chemistry, including oxidation states, at different doping ratios. The application of ALD GDC in a SOFC led to an output power density enhancement greater than 2.5 times. With an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) porous support structure, an ALD GDC thin film SOFC (TF-SOFC) showed a high power density of 288.24 mW/cm² at an operating temperature of 450°C.     

Simple approach for the plasma treatment of polymeric membranes and investigation of the aging effect

The modification of the surface characteristics after treatment with plasma in polymeric materials, such as the aging phenomenon, calls the attention of research in the area of nonthermal plasma technology. In this work, a direct treatment with dielectric-barrier discharge plasma was used on the surfaces of ultrafiltration membranes. The measurements of the contact angle with water, attenuated total reflectance accessory, zeta potential, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy-MEV were performed on the surfaces to verify changes after plasma treatment and to understand the occurrence and timing of the plasma aging effect. In the analysis of the membrane performance, hydraulic permeation and protein retention tests were performed. The results showed an improvement in wettability and hydrophilic properties in the post-treated membranes. The study of reversibility/aging of the post-plasma surface is important for research that deals with the modification of polymeric membranes. Changes in surface morphology, topography and wettability of the membranes were observed up to seven days after treatment, with a tendency to return to the initial characteristics of the membranes.     

退役电缆附件微观结构与电荷特性研究

电缆附件是输电线路中最容易出现故障的薄弱环节,从微观结构和电荷特性方面入手,分析和探索退役电缆附件的失效行为和影响规律,是提高电力系统安全稳定运行的关键。该文研究对象取样于退役或故障电缆附件绝缘,通过对其表面化学组成和形貌的观测分析、材料陷阱参数的测量计算以及空间电荷的测试,分析老化作用下三者之间的相互影响关系。结果表明:三元乙丙橡胶(ethylene propylene diene monomer,EPDM)绝缘的电缆附件,其老化标志除了出现C—O、C=O结构外,还包括因终端填充硅油而引入的含Si基团及其比例的改变;而在硅橡胶(siliconerubber,Si R)绝缘的电缆附件中,Si—O—Si比例的下降是其严重劣化的标志;与EPDM相比,Si R浅陷阱能级和密度占据优势,其表面电位衰减和电荷消散速度明显更快,能够有效避免空间电荷的集聚,但是由于Si R较差的抗撕裂性容易产生裂纹;退役电缆附件长期运行在复杂的环境下,材料的氧化、主链和侧链的断裂及其他杂质的生成,是附件绝缘陷阱参数及电荷特性变化的主要原因。     

固溶时效工艺对C194合金性能的影响

对采用热轧开坯法生产引线框架用C194合金带材过程中的固溶处理与时效处理工艺条件进行了研究．通过试验确立了合适的热处理工艺条件，使带材的抗拉强度达到538．5MPa，电导率达81．8％IACS。     

FV520(B)钢时效组织和力学性能分析

通过透射电镜、电子拉伸、示波冲击试验,分析了马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢FV520(B)850℃油淬后分别在560、600和630℃时效后的组织和力学性能。结果表明,淬火态FV520(B)钢560℃和600℃时效处理后,组织均为过时效马氏体+残余奥氏体,但细微组织有较大的差别,630℃时效处理后,组织为过时效马氏体+马氏体+ 残余奥氏体;560℃时效后强度最高;三种时效温度下,FV520(B)均具有较高的冲击韧度,600℃时效后冲击韧度最高;时效温度对FY520(B)冲击韧度的影响主要决定于其对塑性变形功(Apl)的影响。